Access to Diverse Cultural Expressions in Theater:
Compendium of Implementation Initiatives
During the breakout session, fellows will imagine strategies for implementing Principle #2 of the Fair Culture Charter, which calls for promoting access to diverse cultural expressions. The Charter identifies four types of initiatives that achieve this goal, so through the lens of the global theater ecosystem, our goal is to imagine initiatives that realize these four implementation goals:
Initiatives that promote theater capacities in disadvantaged communities,
Initiatives that promote theater education, audience outreach, and engagement,
Initiatives that promote fair business practices in the theater sector, and
Initiatives that promote respectful cross-cultural engagement in the theater sector.
We have assembled a short (and definitely not exhaustive) list of initiatives that have been tried to aim for similar goals. Fellows may find it useful to look through this compendium to get the creative juices flowing.
Initiatives that promote theater capacities in disadvantaged communities:
The MacArthur International Connections Fund - USA
A funding programme run by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation that supported two-way international artistic exchanges between Chicago-based arts organizations and international partners from 63 countries (2008–2019).
Impact: The International Connections Fund was found to be highly valued by grantees for offering accessible, mutually beneficial international artistic exchanges that pushed organizations’ creative boundaries and helped build strong, lasting international relationships with partners, especially for smaller arts organizations.
Relevance: The Fund offers a strong model for designing international exchange programs that prioritize mutual benefit, shared learning and organizational capacity building, which can inform the structuring of partnerships, funding criteria and evaluation frameworks for cross-border work.
Keywords: Majority World, two-way exchange, lasting international relationships
The Bridges Fellowship of the Producer Hub - USA
A two-year fellowship program led by Karishma Bhagani in collaboration with Producer Hub and Georgetown University’s Laboratory for Global Performance & Politics, focused on training African producers using an African and Afro-diasporic pedagogy centered on humanizing producing and cultural infrastructure building.
Impact: The fellowship aims to empower African producers to develop and validate their own producing practices, build a cross-cultural, regional, and international network of producers of African descent, and encourage dialogue and exchange across live arts and film producing, with a cohort of 10 fellows participating in creative discussions, workshops, and a culminating residency with arts or producing organizations in the US, UK, or on the African continent.
Relevance: The Bridges Fellowship offers a reference model for producer-focused capacity-building initiatives that center African and Afro-diasporic pedagogies, long-term cohort-based learning, and peer exchange, which may inform how producers and organizations design training programs and professional development pathways for producers working across African, diasporic, and international contexts.
Keywords: Majority World, producer training, African & Afro-diasporic pedagogy
MAPP International Productions - USA
A nonprofit producing and touring organization founded in 1994 by Ann Rosenthal and co-directed with Cathy Zimmerman from 1998 to 2016, MAPP International Productions supported contemporary performing arts projects that engaged audiences through socially engaged work and connections between artists and communities.
Impact: MAPP International produced 33 new works involving more than 300 artists across 42 U.S. states and 16 countries, and introduced U.S. audiences to artists from 25 countries in Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia, and the Caribbean, with a focus on nontraditional artists working with complex social issues and experimental forms.
Relevance: MAPP International provides a model for international producing practices that support artists from diverse geographic and cultural contexts and prioritize long-term development, touring, and community connection, which may inform how producers and festivals approach commissioning, presenting, and audience engagement with international and socially engaged work.
Keywords: Majority World, international producing, community engagement
Arts Across Canada and Abroad Programme - Canada
A Canada Council for the Arts funding program whose Foreign Artist Tours component supports Canadian not-for-profit arts organizations to circulate exhibitions or tour artists from around the world to Canadian audiences, covering travel, accommodation, subsistence, and equipment transport costs, with grants up to CA$75,000 and eligibility tied to scheduling events in at least two different Canadian places.
Impact: Funding opportunities include micro-grants, representation and promotion, circulation and touring, international residencies, international co-productions, public outreach, and other streams to support Canadian organizations in bringing new international artistic experiences to multiple Canadian communities. Although not specifically targeted at artists from developing countries, it is clearly of particular interest.
Relevance: This funding model illustrates a national public arts investment that facilitates the touring and exchange of international artists within a domestic market, offering producers and festival organizers a concrete example of how grant criteria, event distribution requirements, and cost coverage can be structured to support the inclusion of international artists within a domestic touring circuit, which may inform the design of similar touring, festival, or exchange schemes in other contexts.
Keywords: Majority World, foreign artist tours, funding infrastructure
Season of African Cultures in France: Africa 2020 - France
A French-funded national cultural season announced in 2017 by President Emmanuel Macron, focused on African cultures in France, including theater, and operationally implemented by the Institut français, an agency of the Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Culture.
Impact: Unlike traditional diplomatic cultural programs centered on bilateral exchange, Africa2020 provided preferential access to African cultural operators to present work in France without expectations of reciprocity, enabling a wide range of African-led artistic and cultural projects to be realized within French cultural institutions and public spaces.
Relevance: Africa2020 offers a reference model for large-scale, publicly funded cultural initiatives that prioritize access for Majority World cultural operators without requiring reciprocal exchange, which may inform thinking about power, access, and curatorial responsibility in international programming and cross-cultural engagement.
Keywords: Majority World, African cultural operators, preferential access
ASSITEJ International: Creating Cultural Equity – Worldwide
A multi-year international project led by ASSITEJ International focused on addressing inequities in theatre and performing arts for and with children and young people by removing structural barriers to participation and strengthening capacity across its global membership.
Impact: Funded by the European Union for 2025–2028, Creating Cultural Equity implements a program of research, advocacy, and network-based activities aimed at reducing barriers to participation in theatre and performing arts for and with children and young people, with attention to underrepresented and marginalized artists and audiences, including socio-economically disadvantaged, geographically or linguistically isolated, and d/Deaf or Disabled communities.
Relevance: The project provides a reference for treating equity and access as core, long-term considerations within theatre and performing arts for and with children and young people, rather than as isolated initiatives.
Keywords: Majority World, young audiences, equitable access
A Pan-African theatre laboratory and development program hosted as part of the Récréâtrales festival and platform in Burkina Faso, Labo ELAN supports emerging theatre artists from multiple African countries through research, training, creation, and production activities, including residencies in writing, acting, directing, and scenography, as well as collaborative creation and exhibition/diffusion of works.
Impact: Labo ELAN strengthens theatre practice, professional development, cross-regional exchange, and artist mobility across the African continent by providing structured residencies and creative opportunities that build skills, networks, and pathways for emerging practitioners.
Relevance: The program provides an example of a multi-faceted capacity-building initiative that integrates training, creation, and mobility into a coherent laboratory model, highlighting how investment in artist development and cross-regional engagement can support sustained growth and exchange within a culturally diverse Majority World context.
Keywords: Majority World, Pan-African theatre laboratory, artist training and co-creation
Arts Collaboratory - The Netherlands
Established in 2007 by the Dutch foundations DOEN Foundation and Hivos, Arts Collaboratory was initially conceived as a funding program and platform for knowledge sharing among artist initiatives in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, and has since developed into a translocal, South–South and global network of arts organisations.
Impact: As a translocal, South–South, and global network, Arts Collaboratory supports arts organisations in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East through collaboration and knowledge sharing around socially engaged artistic practice, contributing to collective capacity building and the development of alternative ways of organizing, resourcing, and sustaining artistic work outside dominant cultural funding and production models.
Relevance: The network provides an example of a collective, translocal approach to capacity building that foregrounds collaborative practice and knowledge sharing across Majority World contexts, offering insight into how arts organisations can co-construct cultural support structures and networks beyond dominant North–South paradigms.
Keywords: Majority World, collective capacity building, translocal arts network
Initiatives that promote theater education, audience outreach, and engagement:
New York Theater Workshop's “Mind The Gap” program - USA
Mind The Gap is an intergenerational theater program delivered by New York Theatre Workshop that connects teens (ages 14–19) and elders (age 60+) in New York through playwriting and performance workshops. Participants interview one another, explore life stories, and collaboratively write or devise short plays that culminate in a public presentation performed or read by participants and professional actors.
Impact: The program supports the development of storytelling, playwriting, and performance skills while fostering intergenerational understanding, empathy, and community engagement.
Relevance: The program offers a model for initiatives that use theater practice as a tool for intergenerational exchange, demonstrating how structured creative processes can bring together participants of different ages through shared authorship and public presentation.
Keywords: intergenerational, storytelling, playwriting
Young Shubbak - United Kingdom
Young Shubbak is the largest education program of the Shubbak Festival, designed to support young Arab and SWANA artists in pursuing arts careers in the United Kingdom. The program includes guest lectures at universities, mentorship, and graduate placements, providing participants with professional development opportunities, exposure to industry networks, and pathways into the creative industries.
Impact: The program supports the development of skills, career readiness, and artistic practice among Arab, SWANA, and Global Majority youth, contributing to increased representation within the UK cultural sector.
Relevance: The program offers a reference for education initiatives that link festivals, higher education, and professional pathways, illustrating how targeted support structures can expand access and representation within national cultural ecosystems.
Keywords: arts education, SWANA, youth, career pathways, festivals
Voices in the Classroom & at Lincoln Center - USA
Voices in the Classroom & at Lincoln Center is an education program operated by Voices of a People's History in collaboration with Lincoln Center that engages students in interpreting first-person historical narratives through research, performance techniques, and arts-based pedagogy. The program centers narratives from historically marginalized voices and culminates in student performances presented at Lincoln Center with guest artists.
Impact: The program deepens students’ understanding of U.S. history while developing critical thinking and communication skills through performance, and expands access to professional cultural spaces for young people.
Relevance: The program offers a reference for initiatives that integrate theater practice into educational contexts and culminate in public presentation, demonstrating how performance-based work can connect learning processes with professional cultural venues and broader audiences.
Keywords: performance-based, history, education, first-person narratives, audience engagement
Apollo Education program - USA
The Apollo Education program delivers residencies, workshops, curriculum materials, career development, and public discussions rooted in the Apollo Theater’s history and legacy. Activities cover theater, music, and dance, connecting students, educators, and community members to active cultural participation.
Impact: The program provides teens and adults with access to immersive performing arts experiences and professional development, increasing engagement and understanding of cultural heritage.
Relevance: The program exemplifies educational initiatives that connect communities to performing arts practice while promoting cultural awareness, audience development, and pathways into arts participation.
Keywords: performing arts education, residencies, cultural awareness
ArtsConnection Teen program - USA
A program by ArtsConnection providing out-of-school opportunities for teens (ages 14–19) to actively engage with New York City’s cultural and performing arts landscape. Programming includes attending performances, participating in workshops, creative exhibitions, internships, and mentoring with arts professionals.
Impact: The program engages large numbers of young people in sustained, hands-on arts experiences that support skill development, confidence, and ongoing participation in cultural life.
Relevance: It offers a reference model for initiatives that combine youth arts education with audience development, strengthening both artistic capacity and cultural literacy among young people.
Keywords: youth arts education, audience engagement, NYC public schools
artEquity is an organization that offers tools, resources, and programming at the intersection of art and activism to support arts organizations and practitioners in embedding equity, inclusion, and justice into arts practice. Its work includes structured learning programs, facilitated reflection, and the cultivation of an expanding alumni network.
Impact: artEquity supports capacity building and organizational change within cultural organizations by strengthening awareness, skills, and practices related to equity, inclusion, and justice across arts sectors.
Relevance: artEquity provides a reference for initiatives that integrate cultural awareness, diversity education, and community engagement into professional arts education and audience outreach initiatives.
Keywords: equity, inclusion, arts activism, professional development
BAYIMBA (Cultural Foundation) - Lunkulu Island, Uganda
BAYIMBA Cultural Foundation is based on Lunkulu Island that works to promote a vibrant, professional, and sustainable arts sector in Uganda and across East Africa. Through festivals, training workshops, mentorship, and market platforms, the foundation supports the development of artistic skills, professional networks, and access to opportunities in the performing arts for emerging and established artists.
Impact: The foundation expands access to theater and performing arts opportunities while strengthening professional capacity and supporting sustainable cultural practices in under-resourced contexts.
Relevance: The foundation offers a reference for South–South approaches to theater education, audience engagement, and cultural development that strengthens both local and regional arts ecosystems.
Keywords: performing arts, capacity building, professional development, East Africa, festivals
Initiatives that promote fair business practices in the theater sector:
EFFE label from the European Festival Association (EFA) - Europe
The EFFE Label is a quality stamp awarded by the European Festivals Association (EFA) to arts festivals across Europe that demonstrate commitment to high artistic standards, community involvement, international openness, inclusivity, and audience engagement. Festivals receiving the label are evaluated against a set of 10 quality criteria, including curated artistic programming, support for emerging artists, local community integration, intercultural experiences, and audience education, and must meet at least seven of these standards to qualify.
Impact: More than 1550 arts festivals in Europe hold the EFFE Label, forming a community recognised for sustained artistic quality, engagement with diverse audiences, and international collaboration. Being part of this network also provides festivals with visibility, opportunities for professional exchange, and inclusion in the EFA’s international promotional and networking activities.
Relevance: The EFFE Label offers a replicable model for embedding fair and transparent standards into festival and theatre commissioning, programming, and organisational practice, encouraging evaluation of artistic quality, community impact, intercultural engagement, and audience development as part of a broader cultural accountability framework.
Keywords: quality label, festivals, artistic programme, community engagement
AGF (A Greener Future) Certification is an internationally recognised audit and certification scheme for events, festivals, venues, and suppliers, established in 2007. The certification assesses a broad range of sustainability performance indicators, including local environment, community impact, governance, travel, energy, waste, water, equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI), and other operational areas, through a process combining self‑assessment, evidence submission, and independent on‑site evaluation by trained assessors.
Impact: Hundreds of cultural events and venues around the world have achieved AGF certification, with recognitions representing progress in resource efficiency, reduced environmental impact, EDI integration, and social responsibility. A Greener Future’s certification is regarded as one of the most comprehensive sustainability standards in the events sector and has been adopted by organisations seeking external verification of their practices.
Relevance: Although primarily a sustainability certification, AGF’s rigorous assessment framework and independent verification process provide a transferable model for fair business practices in theatre and live arts, demonstrating how external auditing, transparent criteria, and ongoing improvement incentives can be applied to labour conditions, governance, contracting standards, or ethical partnerships.
Keywords: sustainability standards, independent audit, environmental, social impact
Association of Arts Professionals’ (APAP) ArtsForward - USA
A U.S.-wide program (2021–2023) funded by the Mellon Foundation that supported partnerships between presenting organizations and artists with a total of $2,065,000. ArtsForward centered on equitable fee structures: at least 50% of each grant went to artists, with half of that paid upfront. The program also provided a collaborative application portal, allowing artists to view and respond to budgets and plans before submission.
Impact: The program enabled fair and transparent financial relationships between artists and presenters, ensuring artists were paid promptly and fully for all activities, including virtual engagements.
Relevance: It offers a concrete model for embedding fair compensation standards into grant-funded and collaborative theater projects, demonstrating mechanisms to operationalize and enforce equitable financial practices.
Keywords: equitable fees, artist partnerships, pandemic recovery, fair payment
A European funding initiative launched in 2020 to support international touring projects across the 40 Creative Europe countries. Perform Europe emphasizes sustainability, inclusivity, and fair payment for all participants, and prioritizes projects that involve underrepresented groups and regions. The scheme also fosters networking, collaboration, and professional development among performing arts organizations.
Impact: Perform Europe supports the implementation of equitable and transparent business practices in the performing arts sector, while promoting inclusive participation, cross-border collaboration, and sustainable touring models.
Relevance: The program offers a framework for structuring international performing arts projects around fair payment, sustainability, and inclusive participation, demonstrating how funding criteria and project requirements can be used to embed ethical and accountable practices into cross-border touring.
Keywords: fair payment, international touring, inclusive practices
“Basic Income for the Arts” - Ireland
A government pilot program (2022–2025) providing a weekly stipend of €325 (US$383) to 2,000 randomly selected artists and creatives, designed to mitigate financial instability in the creative industries. In late 2025, the scheme was announced to become permanent. An independent study of the pilot found a noticeable positive impact on recipients’ financial security and well-being.
Impact: The scheme offers artists predictable income, reducing financial precarity and allowing sustained creative work.
Relevance: The scheme functions as an evidence-based reference for advocacy around artist pay and working conditions, providing publicly documented data on the impacts of income security that can inform debates, policy development, and sector-wide discussions on financial sustainability in the performing arts.
Keywords: guaranteed income, artist financial stability, creative sector support
Creatives Rebuild New York (CRNY) - USA
A three-year, $125 million initiative supporting 2,700 New York State-based artists, providing guaranteed income and employment opportunities to stabilize the creative sector after COVID-19. CRNY enabled artists to continue producing work in partnership with local organizations and communities under reduced financial strain.
Impact: The initiative strengthened financial stability for artists and cultural organizations, helping to sustain artistic production and community engagement during economic recovery.
Relevance: The initiative provides a large-scale evidence reference for how guaranteed income and artist employment programs can stabilize artistic work and organizational partnerships during periods of crisis, offering concrete data and precedents that can inform advocacy, funding design, and sector-wide discussions on artist compensation and sustainability.
Keywords: guaranteed income, artist employment, pandemic recovery
W.A.G.E Certification: Working Artists and the Greater Economy
W.A.G.E. is a New York-based activist group and nonprofit established in 2008 advocating for sustainable economic relationships between artists and arts institutions. Launched in 2014, W.A.G.E. Certification publicly recognizes U.S. nonprofit organizations that demonstrate a consistent commitment to paying artists fees that meet W.A.G.E. standards. The certification sets national guidelines for fair compensation and transparent contracting practices in artistic labor.
Impact: W.A.G.E. Certification provides a widely recognized benchmark for equitable pay and contracting, incentivizing organizations to adopt transparent, fair compensation practices.
Relevance: This provides a transferable model for ensuring fair remuneration and ethical contracting in the performing arts, applicable to both national and international contexts.
Keywords: artist compensation standards, equitable contracting, nonprofit accountability, fair payment
Going further… IETM publication’s Fair Pay in the Arts by E.Politseva (2024)
An IETM publication analyzing the roles of public funders, artists, unions, resource organizations, and institutions in promoting and enacting fair pay practices. The report identifies gaps in current frameworks, offers actionable insights, and explores areas beyond legal enforcement. It is available in text and audio formats.
Impact: The publication provides research-based guidance to help institutions, funders, and artists improve economic equity and transparency in the arts sector.
Relevance: This serves as a practical resource for designing policies and initiatives that embed fair business practices, including pay, contracting, and governance, in theater and performing arts projects globally.
Keywords: fair pay frameworks, policy guidance, sectoral research
The Industry Standard Group (TISG) - USA
A collective of award-winning Broadway producers of color, founded in 2020 to create equitable pathways for underrepresented communities to invest in and produce commercial theater. Through their project Second Act Theatrical Capital (2ATC), TISG provides a shared investment portfolio for Broadway productions, enabling broader participation in commercial theater financing.
Impact: The initiative expands access to commercial theater investment and producing opportunities for underrepresented producers and investors, promoting diversity and equitable access to financing in the sector.
Relevance: TISG provides a reference for how investment structures and ownership models in commercial theater can be redesigned to rebalance power and access, illustrating how collective financial mechanisms can open decision-making and influence to historically excluded communities, so that they can take part in shaping the future of the industry.
Keywords: equitable investment, commercial theater, producers of color, power balance
EFFEA (European Festivals Fund for Emerging Artists) Duty of Care Protocol - Europe
A protocol developed from the experiences of festivals and artists selected under the European Festivals Fund for Emerging Artists Call #1 (2023). It compiles findings, practices, and recommendations for festivals’ responsibilities toward emerging artists, including fair remuneration, working conditions, inclusivity, sustainable touring, hybrid presentation formats, environmental practices, gender equality, and new business models.
Impact: The fund provides a comprehensive framework to guide festivals in establishing ethical and equitable practices for emerging artists, enhancing their well-being and professional development.
Relevance: EFFEA offers a practical tool for embedding fair business practices, transparent working conditions, and sustainable management strategies in performing arts projects, both locally and internationally.
Keywords: emerging artists, fair working conditions, festival responsibility
Initiatives that promote respectful cross-cultural engagement in the theater sector:
It starts with a conversation, by A.Richarsdottir and L.Bang Henningsen (2017) - Europe
A short publication (2017) by Nordic performing arts producers A. Richardsdottir and L. Bang Henningsen that guides artists and producers on how to work internationally and collaboratively. The guide focuses on identifying key questions to ask and strategies to embed fairness in cross-cultural productions.
Impact: The publication supports more ethical and equitable international collaborations by providing practical, experience-based guidance for navigating cultural differences, expectations, and power imbalances in cross-border work.
Relevance: The guide provides a concrete reference tool for the design and negotiation of international theater projects, illustrating how early dialogue and shared framing can support respectful collaboration between culturally different partners.
Keywords: cross-cultural collaboration, fairness, international projects
We See You White American Theater (WSYWAT) - USA
A 2020 open letter and framework developed by BIPOC theater makers outlining principles and actionable steps for building anti-racist theater systems. The movement includes concrete recommendations for theaters, such as company-wide anti-racism training and equitable work hours, and is referenced in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion commitments of theaters like Atlantic Theater Company and The Goodman. (Atlantic Theater Company, The Goodman)
Impact: The framework has provided cultural institutions with a shared reference for identifying systemic inequities and articulating concrete anti-racist commitments within organizational policy and practice.
Relevance: WSYWAT offers a reference for initiatives that formalize expectations, language, and accountability mechanisms around anti-racist practice in theater, demonstrating how sector-wide principles can be articulated through collective action rather than institutional policy alone.
Keywords: anti-racist practices, BIPOC empowerment, organizational accountability
Catalyst’s Decolonization Rider, by Emily Johnson - USA
Catalyst’s Decolonization Rider is a living document developed in 2021 by Emily Johnson as part of her artistic and institutional change practice. The rider is designed to guide artists, presenters, audiences, funders, and cultural institutions in addressing structural, systemic, and historical inequities within publicly funded cultural institutions, including issues related to policing, Indigenous knowledge protection, and the disclosure of cultural possessions.
Impact: The rider functions as a protective and ethical framework that supports artists and collaborators while prompting institutions to examine and address embedded power structures and inequitable practices.
Relevance: With its downloadable and customizable rider format, the document functions as a practical tool for embedding respect, consent, and fairness into artistic and institutional relationships, illustrating how contractual and procedural mechanisms can be used to protect artists and address power imbalances in cross-cultural and decolonial contexts.
Keywords: decolonial practices, Indigenous knowledge, institutional accountability, artist protection
Founded in October 2020, PADA (Producers, Agents, Distributors Alliance) is a global network of performing arts professionals from over 170 members across 30+ countries. It supports equitable collaboration and capacity building in international touring, providing a forum to share experiences, networks, and resources, including support for newcomers and practitioners from both the Global South and North.
Impact: PADA strengthens cross-border collaboration and professional networks between its members while promoting fairness and inclusivity in the circulation of performing arts works.
Relevance: The network represents a practical, non-hierarchical platform that practitioners can directly engage with to access peer support, international connections, and shared knowledge, providing the ground for developing collaborations and professional exchange within a global context.
Keywords: global network, equitable capacity building, international collaboration
Europe Beyond Access (EBA) is a transnational European project funded by the Creative Europe programme of the European Union. It is designed to support disabled and Deaf artists in theatre and dance by commissioning and presenting new works, fostering artistic exchanges, and building capacity among artists, programmers, and cultural institutions. EBA brings together a consortium of 10 European cultural organisations committed to expanding opportunities and reducing barriers faced by disabled artists across the continent.
Impact: The project commissions and presents dozens of new works across ten countries, supports residencies, workshops, and transnational artistic laboratories, and develops tools for wider sector understanding and engagement. It promotes international networks of performing arts organisations that commit to commissioning, presenting, and advocating for disabled artists.
Relevance: EBA exemplifies an initiative that fosters respectful cross-cultural engagement with a group of professional and emerging artists who are often overlooked in an international cultural mobility context. It does so by raising awareness of barriers within the European performing arts sector, elevating the artistic contribution of disabled artists, and encouraging institutions to adopt inclusive and equitable practices in international collaboration and audience engagement.
Keywords: disability inclusion, cross-cultural engagement, transnational collaboration
The Compendium is the result of exchanges between Live|Arts|Lab (Matthew Covey & Marie Fol) and multiple advisors: Sepehr Sharifzadeh, Boo Froebel, Sophie Dowden, HowlRound (Ramona King, Julia Schachnik, Jamie Gahlon), and Under the Radar (Tommy Kriegsmann, Jake Stepansky, Sami Pyne, Mark Russell, Joy Chen). We wish to thank Sophie Dowden and Sepehr Sharifzadeh for enriching and editing the Compendium in this final version.